Plato · c. 428/427-348/347 BC
Laws
ΝόμοιIn the Laws an Athenian Stranger, Clinias of Cnosus and the Spartan Megillus walk from Cnossus towards the cave and temple of Zeus on Mount Ida, and on the way talk about the laws of Crete and Lacedaemon, whose authors, Minos with Zeus and Lycurgus with Apollo, are said to have been taught by the gods. The conversation turns to education, drinking parties and music, to the origin of cities after the great floods and the age of Cronus, and then to the founding of a new Cretan colony, Magnesia, with its allotments, magistrates, marriage laws, education, festivals, penal law, the proof of the gods' existence and the Nocturnal Council. The twelve books are cited by Stephanus page, and each section here carries its Book number.
Contents · 83 passages
- 624a–628eBook I: Who gave the laws of Crete and Sparta? War, peace and the best judge1894 words
- 629a–633eBook I: The whole of virtue as the lawgiver's aim; Tyrtaeus, Theognis and the common meals2181 words
- 634a–638eBook I: Courage and pleasure; Ganymede; the Spartan avoidance of wine2250 words
- 639a–642eBook I: The right test of drinking parties; the sober leader; Epimenides and Athens1751 words
- 643a–646eBook I: Education defined; the puppet of the gods and the golden cord1829 words
- 647a–650bBook I: Fear and shame; wine as a test of character1543 words
- 652a–656eBook II: Education through pleasure and pain; the gods as fellow-dancers; right and wrong taste1832 words
- 657a–660eBook II: The unchanging art of Egypt; the criterion of music and the educated judge1854 words
- 661a–664eBook II: The just life is the pleasantest; the Sidonian tale and persuading the young1871 words
- 665a–669eBook II: The three choirs of Apollo, the Muses and Dionysus; the education of taste in music2190 words
- 670a–674cBook II: The old as singers; the proper use of wine; the Dionysiac gift2144 words
- 676a–680eBook III: The origin of government: the floods and the survivors on the hills1978 words
- 681a–685eBook III: From the family to the city: Homer's Cyclopes, Dardanus and Ilium, and the Dorian settlement2169 words
- 686a–690eBook III: Why the Dorian league failed: ignorance, wisdom and the claims to rule2265 words
- 691a–695eBook III: The saving of Sparta by the dual kingship; Persia under Cyrus and his sons2136 words
- 696a–698eBook III: The corruption of royal heirs; Darius, and the right use of wealth by lawgivers1322 words
- 699a–702eBook III: Athens at Marathon and Salamis; the theatrocracy; the colony1768 words
- 704a–708eBook IV: The site of the new city: inland or on the sea; Minos, Salamis and the settlers2038 words
- 709a–712eBook IV: Chance, the lawgiver and the young tyrant1823 words
- 713a–715eBook IV: The age of Cronos and the daemons; the aim of laws and the claims to rule1392 words
- 716a–718eBook IV: God as the measure of all things; honouring the gods, daemons, heroes, parents and kin1386 words
- 719b–724bBook IV: Preludes to laws; the free doctor and the slave doctor; the first law of marriage2476 words
- 726a–730eBook V: Honouring the soul, the body, property and strangers2002 words
- 731a–734eBook V: Self-love, the virtues and the pleasant life1869 words
- 735a–738eBook V: Founding the city: purging, the foundation and the number of citizens1844 words
- 739a–741eBook V: The best city and the second best; allotments and the fixed number of homes1363 words
- 742a–744eBook V: No gold and silver; the order of goods and the classes of property1386 words
- 745a–747eBook V: The acropolis, the twelve portions and the practicability of the plan1448 words
- 751a–754eBook VI: The magistrates of the new city; the choice of the Law-wardens1809 words
- 755a–758eBook VI: Electing the Law-wardens, the generals and the Council; the two kinds of equality1850 words
- 759a–762eBook VI: Priests and temples, the temple treasurers and the land-stewards1818 words
- 763a–765eBook VI: The land-stewards' way of life; city and market stewards; the election of the officials of music and gymnastics1291 words
- 766a–768eBook VI: The Minister of Education; the courts1387 words
- 769a–772eBook VI: Laws are never finished; revision, the number of the tribes and festivals1713 words
- 773a–776eBook VI: The laws of marriage: the mixing bowl, the age of marriage, gifts and the new home1797 words
- 777a–780eBook VI: Slaves, the household and the common meals of the married1826 words
- 781b–785bBook VI: Women at the common meals; the three desires; the law of procreation1936 words
- 788a–792eBook VII: The nurture of infants: movement, rocking and the mean between pleasure and pain2180 words
- 793a–796eBook VII: Unwritten customs, games of the young child, left and right hand, wrestling and the war-dances1821 words
- 797a–800eBook VII: No innovation in children's games and music; the Egyptian pattern of consecrated song; hymns as laws1867 words
- 801a–804eBook VII: The laws of hymns and prayers; the praise of the dead; man as the plaything of God1815 words
- 805a–809eBook VII: The education of girls; the Sauromatides, common meals and the use of the night2273 words
- 810a–813eBook VII: Letters, the lyre and the choice of texts; this discourse as a model for the schools1761 words
- 814a–817eBook VII: The two kinds of dance, the pyrrhic and the pacific; comedy and tragedy1848 words
- 818a–821eBook VII: Arithmetic, geometry and astronomy: the studies of the freeborn1877 words
- 822a–824aBook VII: The truth about the planets; the end of the education laws; hunting and the prelude1175 words
- 828a–831eBook VIII: The festivals and the twelve gods; practice in war as a part of religion1669 words
- 832a–835eBook VIII: Soldiers against traders; gymnastic contests for the training of the citizens1845 words
- 836a–838eBook VIII: The desires of love: friendship, desire and love; a law against unnatural intercourse1357 words
- 839a–841eBook VIII: The device for restraining desire; Iccus of Tarentum; the second-best law1325 words
- 842a–846eBook VIII: Laws of the land: the Boundary-god, trees, grapes and water2312 words
- 847a–850dBook VIII: Crafts, the villages and the distribution of produce; markets and foreign residents1817 words
- 853a–856eBook IX: Legal proceedings; temple-robbery and the procedure of trial1781 words
- 857a–861eBook IX: The lawgiver as student; laws as the finest of writings; justice, beauty and wrongdoing2332 words
- 862a–865eBook IX: Injury and injustice; the three causes of wrongdoing; the beginning of the laws of homicide1986 words
- 866a–869eBook IX: Killing in anger: exile, return and the killing of kin2002 words
- 870a–873eBook IX: Premeditated murder; the ancient tale of vengeance; the avenger of kindred blood2041 words
- 874a–878eBook IX: Things that kill; the need for law; wounding and the childless house2508 words
- 879a–882cBook IX: Wounding by children, blows to the old, and outrage against parents1896 words
- 884a–887eBook X: Violence, sacrilege, and the case for the gods1632 words
- 888a–892eBook X: The materialists, nature and art, and the priority of soul2508 words
- 893a–898eBook X: The kinds of motion, and soul as self-moving2784 words
- 899a–902eBook X: The gods exist; the first objections, and the gods' care of small things1849 words
- 903a–906eBook X: Providence over the whole, and the fate of the soul1947 words
- 907a–910dBook X: Penalties for impiety, and private shrines1773 words
- 913a–915eBook XI: Treasure, lost goods, and the sale of slaves1490 words
- 916a–919eBook XI: Fraud in sale, oaths in trade, and the problem of retail1974 words
- 920a–922eBook XI: Craftsmen, debts of work, and the prelude on wills1433 words
- 923a–925eBook XI: Wills, inheritance, and the heiress1526 words
- 926a–928eBook XI: Orphans, guardians, and disinheritance1542 words
- 929a–931eBook XI: Disowning a son, quarrelling spouses, and honour to parents1496 words
- 932a–933eBook XI: Parents' prayers, poisoning, and sorcery935 words
- 934a–936eBook XI: Damages, abuse, comedy, beggars, and witnesses1502 words
- 937a–938cBook XI: Witnesses and the art of perverting justice835 words
- 941a–944eBook XII: Heralds, theft, and the laws of military service1687 words
- 945a–947eBook XII: Throwing away arms, and the examiners1483 words
- 948a–949eBook XII: A corrupt examiner, and oaths in the courts992 words
- 950a–952eBook XII: Travel abroad, inspectors, and the reception of strangers1494 words
- 953a–956eBook XII: Strangers, securities, lawsuits, and sacred gifts2079 words
- 957b–959eBook XII: The courts, the execution of verdicts, and burial1433 words
- 960a–962eBook XII: Funeral rules, and the Nocturnal Council1616 words
- 963a–965eBook XII: The unity of virtue, and the education of the guardians1517 words
- 966a–969dBook XII: The knowledge of the gods, and the founding of the State1670 words
More by Plato
English translation by Robert Gregg Bury (1926). Original text: Robert Gregg Bury (trans.), Plato X-XI: Laws, Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, 1926; Greek text: John Burnet, Platonis Opera, Oxford Classical Texts (as digitised by Perseus).
Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.